Tech & Tools

New Apps Designed to Reduce Depression and Anxiety

A suite of 13 speedy mini-apps called IntelliCare resulted in participants reporting significantly less depression and anxiety by using the apps on their smartphones up to four times a day, according to a new Northwestern Medicine study.

The apps offer exercises to destress, reduce self-criticism, and minimize worrying; methods to help your life feel more meaningful; mantras to highlight your strengths; strategies for a good night’s sleep; and more.

Most apps designed for mental health typically offer a single strategy to feel better or provide too many features that make them difficult to navigate. Users may get bored or overwhelmed and may stop using the apps after a few weeks.

But participants used the IntelliCare interactive apps as many as four times daily—or an average of 195 times—for eight weeks of the study. They spent an average of one minute using each app, with longer times for apps with relaxation videos.

The 96 participants who completed the research study reported that they experienced about a 50% decrease in the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms. The short-term study-related reductions are comparable to results expected in clinical practice using psychotherapy or with that seen using antidepressant medication. The study was published January 5 in the Journal of Medical Internet Research.

“We designed these apps so they fit easily into people’s lives and could be used as simply as apps to find a restaurant or directions,” says lead study author David Mohr, PhD, a professor of preventive medicine and director of the Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.

“Some of the participants kept using them after the study because they felt that the apps helped them feel better,” Mohr says. “There were many apps to try during the study, so there was a sense of novelty.”

Participants had access to the 13 IntelliCare apps from Google Play and received eight weeks of coaching for the use of IntelliCare. Coaching included an initial phone call plus two or more text messages per week over the eight weeks. In the study, 105 participants were enrolled and 96 of them completed the study.

The preliminary study did not include a control arm, so it’s possible that some people who enrolled in the trial would have improved anyway, partly because they may have been motivated to try something new, Mohr says. He now has launched a larger trial, recruiting 300 participants, with a control arm.

Some of the IntelliCare apps include the following:

• Daily Feats, designed to motivate the user to add worthwhile and rewarding activities into his or her day to increase overall satisfaction in life;
• Purple Chill, designed to help the user unwind with audio recordings that offer guidance through exercises to destress and worry less;
• Slumber Time, designed to ease the user into a good night’s rest; and
• My Mantra, designed to help create motivating mantras to highlight the user’s strengths and values.

“Using digital tools for mental health is emerging as an important part of our future,” Mohr says. “These are designed to help the millions of people who want support but can’t get to a therapist’s office.”

According to government statistics, more than 20% of Americans have significant symptoms of depression or anxiety each year, but only around 20% of people with a mental health problem get adequate treatment.

The IntelliCare algorithm recommends new apps each week to keep the experience fresh, provide new opportunities for learning skills and avoid user boredom. Although the apps are not validated, each one was designed by Northwestern clinicians and based on validated techniques used by therapists.

IntelliCare is a national research study. Individuals can download the apps free with no financial obligation. But Northwestern researchers hope participants will provide confidential feedback, via four weekly questions, that will be used to further develop the system. The data will help the system make even better recommendations and provide more personalized treatment.

People also may enroll in a study in which they will be paid to provide even more feedback. Some also will have access to an IntelliCare coach, via text messaging and phone calls, who is available to support them in using the apps.

“We now have evidence these approaches will likely work,” Mohr says. “They are designed to teach many of the same skills therapists teach patients. Different apps are expected to work for different people. The goal is to find what’s right for you.”