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Homicide Is the Largest Contributor to Years of Lost Life Among Black Americans

Homicide is the largest contributor to potential years of life lost among black Americans, according to a new study published recently and conducted by researchers at the Indiana University (IU) School of Public Health-Bloomington.

By contrast, homicide was the 12th highest contributor to potential years of life lost for white Americas. Potential years of life lost is the number of years a person would have lived had they not died of a particular cause. 

Although black Americans are disproportionately affected by homicide, the amount invested in homicide research is dramatically underrepresented in public health, according to Molly Rosenberg, lead author of the study and an assistant professor in the IU School of Public Health-Bloomington.

"Homicide is, unfortunately, a common cause of premature death, and black Americans are more likely to be affected by homicide than white Americans," Rosenberg says. "Homicide-related deaths in America, most of which are caused by firearms, constitute a public health crisis. Yet when we look at what kind of public health research gets funded and published, we find homicide to be conspicuously absent. The top causes of death that impact the health of white Americans, on the other hand, are much better represented in public health research and funding."

Research on heart disease, white Americans' No. 1 cause of potential years of life lost, received 341 grants and almost 600 publications during 2015; research on homicide received just a handful of federal grants and publications.

"If we look at the estimated value of remaining lifetime productivity for a 31-year-old American, which is the average age of death for black Americans killed by homicide, it's more than $1.5 million," Rosenberg says. "The more premature a death, the greater the loss in economic productivity for the family, community, and society. This loss of human potential can push families into poverty and societies toward heightened inequality."

Rosenberg and her team also found that disparities existed in the number of potential years of life lost per death between black and white Americans for all causes of death. For example, they found that the average age of a black American who died from a congenital abnormality was 15 years old, compared to 26 years old for a white American. And black Americans who commit suicide die, on average, 10 years earlier than white Americans who commit suicide (38 years old vs. 48).

The more than 2.7 million deaths in the United States in 2015 tallied up to nearly 21.4 million potential years of life lost. Black Americans accounted for 20% of these years despite representing only 13% of the U.S. population. This incredible number of potential years of life lost brings focus to deaths with high societal and economic impact.

"Homicide research is dramatically underrepresented in public health research in terms of grant funding and publications," Rosenberg says. "This lack of investment threatens to perpetuate a system that disadvantages the health of black Americans."

"Do black lives matter in public health research and training?" appears in the journal PLOS ONE. The study was coauthored by Ashley Townes, a doctoral student in the IU School of Public Health-Bloomington; Shabbar Ranapurwala at UNC Gillings School of Public Health; and Angela Bengtson at Brown University School of Public Health.

Source: Indiana University