Research Review

Fear of Hospitalization Keeps Men From Talking About Suicide

Fear of psychiatric hospitalization is one of the primary reasons that older men—an age and gender group at high risk for suicide—don't talk about suicide with their physicians.

Researchers discovered this finding as part of a prelaunch, stakeholder assessment of a multimedia program designed to encourage men to open up to their primary care providers about suicidal thoughts. Called MAPS, for Men and Providers Preventing Suicide, the program will eventually be integrated into doctors' office waiting areas.

The MAPS assessment was led by Anthony Jerant, MD, chair of family and community medicine at UC Davis Health. The study, titled "Stakeholder Views Regarding a Planned Primary Care Office-based Interactive Multimedia Suicide Prevention Tool," is published in the journal Patient Education and Counseling.

"Our overall goal is to initiate comfortable conversations with men about mental health and its treatment in outpatient primary care settings," Jerant says. "Fear of hospitalization wasn't really on our radar, proving that stakeholder interviews are crucial to shaping the development of suicide-prevention interventions like ours."

Stakeholders who participated in the evaluation included 44 suicide survivors, prevention advocates, and family members of those who attempted or died by suicide.

Jerant and his team created MAPS because 80% of suicide deaths occur in men, with the biggest increase in the past two decades among men between the ages of 35 and 64. In addition, nearly one-half of all adults who die by suicide saw a primary care clinician within the month prior to their deaths.

"Those statistics led us to ask, 'Is there something primary care providers might be able to do or say in office visits with men to change that outcome?'" Jerant says. "In answering that question, MAPS was launched."

Interviewees provided helpful feedback on the overall program such as the need to focus more on visuals, use plain language, reinforce male identity in the content, and ensure that primary care providers are prepared to respond to suicidal-thought disclosures. They also expressed the strong fear that disclosing suicidal thoughts to a physician always results in immediate hospitalization.

As a result, the researchers have added a video vignette to the intervention clarifying that hospitalization is typically not necessary and emphasizing treatment options.

Jerant has also been evaluating the program as part of a randomized, controlled trial. If the results show that the intervention is effective, he hopes to integrate it throughout UC Davis Health and, potentially, other health systems. He also hopes that MAPS themes make their way into suicide interventions beyond doctors' offices as well.

"Reducing suicides will take a united effort that extends beyond the primary care provider's office," Jerant says. "Our insights could be useful to prevention efforts worldwide."

Jerant's coauthors were Paul Duberstein, PhD, of Rutgers University; Camille Cipri of UC Davis Health; Bethany Bullard of Sonoma State University; Debora Paterniti, PhD, of UC Davis Health and Sonoma State University; and Deborah Stone, ScD, MSW, MPH, of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Their work was funded by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, UC Davis Behavioral Health Center of Excellence, UC Davis Health Department of Family and Community Medicine, and Sonoma State University.

Source: UC Davis Health