Research Review

One in Three College Freshmen Worldwide Reports Mental Health Disorder

Students from 19 colleges in eight countries report symptoms consistent with psychological disorder, study says.

As if college were not difficult enough, more than one-third of first-year university students in eight industrialized countries around the globe report symptoms consistent with a diagnosable mental health disorder, according to research published by the American Psychological Association.

"While effective care is important, the number of students who need treatment for these disorders far exceeds the resources of most counseling centers, resulting in a substantial unmet need for mental health treatment among college students," says lead author Randy P. Auerbach, PhD, of Columbia University. "Considering that students are a key population for determining the economic success of a country, colleges must take a greater urgency in addressing this issue."

Auerbach and his coauthors analyzed data from the World Health Organization's World Mental Health International College Student Initiative, in which almost 14,000 students from 19 colleges in eight countries (Australia, Belgium, Germany, Mexico, Northern Ireland, South Africa, Spain, and the United States) responded to questionnaires to evaluate common mental disorders, including major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder.

The researchers found that 35% of the respondents reported symptoms consistent with at least one mental health disorder as defined by DSM-IV. Major depressive disorder was the most common, followed by generalized anxiety disorder. The findings were published in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology.

"The finding that one-third of students from multiple countries screened positive for at least one of six mental health disorders represents a key global mental health issue," Auerbach says.

Previous research suggests that only 15% to 20% of students will seek services at their respective counseling center, which may already be overtaxed, according to Auerbach. If students need help outside of their school counseling center or local psychologists, Auerbach suggests that they seek internet resources, such as online cognitive behavioral therapy.

"University systems are currently working at capacity and counseling centers tend to be cyclical, with students ramping up service use toward the middle of the semester, which often creates a bottleneck," Auerbach says. "Internet-based clinical tools may be helpful in providing treatment to students who are less inclined to pursue services on campus or are waiting to be seen."

Future research needs focus on identifying which interventions work best for specific disorders, Auerbach says. For example, certain types of depression or anxiety may be best treated with certain types of Internet interventions, whereas other disorders, such as substance use, may require treatment in person by a psychologist or other mental health professional.

"Our long-term goal is to develop predictive models to determine which students will respond to different types of interventions," Auerbach says. "It is incumbent on us to think of innovative ways to reduce stigma and increase access to tools that may help students better manage stress."

Source: American Psychological Association