Research Review

Addiction Researcher Optimistic About New Smoking Warnings

By presenting the concrete reality of what will happen as a result of smoking, the new antismoking warnings that will show up on packs of cigarettes next year have a good chance of discouraging smoking, says Warren Bickel, PhD, a professor at the Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute.

The nine new warnings designed by the FDA include photos of rotting teeth and injured lips, damaged lungs, a man exhaling smoke through a tracheostomy hole in his throat, and the corpse of a smoker.

"The FDA's images telescope the future to now. The images bring future consequences into the moment the smoker is making the choice to buy a pack or open a pack of cigarettes," says Bickel, who directs the Advanced Recovery Research Center, which is doing neurocognitive training to get smokers to place greater value on the future.

He referred to the marketing strategy for many products of offering immediate pleasure. "The FDA is using antimarketing."

Behavioral researchers who study addiction have documented that addicts do not value the future—as a result, do not acknowledge long-term consequences of their actions. Bickel points out that James Gross, PhD, a psychology professor at Stanford, has shown that when the choice between an immediate reward and a future reward is explicit, such as receiving $1,000 in a year and nothing now, "people value the later reward a little more."

Bickel has used a combination of behavior research and functional MRI to identify the area of the brain that is dysfunctional in addicts when it comes to thinking about and planning for the future. Subsequent research by Bickel has demonstrated that memory training can improve function in this area and he is working with smokers to exercise and train the aspects of the prefrontal cortexes involved.

— Source: Virginia Tech