Research Review

Witnesses to Bullying May Face More Mental Health Risks

Students who watch as their peers endure the verbal or physical abuses of another student could become as psychologically distressed, if not more so, by the events than the victims themselves, new research suggests. Bullies and bystanders may also be more likely to take drugs and drink alcohol, according to the findings, which are reported in School Psychology Quarterly.

“It’s well documented that children and adolescents who are exposed to violence within their families or outside of school are at a greater risk for mental health problems than those children who are not exposed to any violence,” says the study’s lead author, Ian Rivers, PhD. “It should not be a surprise that violence at school will pose the same kind of risk.”

Researchers surveyed 2,002 students aged 12 to 16 at 14 public schools in England. The students were presented with a list of numerous bullying behaviors, such as name-calling, kicking, hitting, spreading rumors, and threatening violence. The students indicated whether they had committed, witnessed, or been the victim of any of these behaviors during the previous nine-week school term and, if so, how often. The majority, 63%, said they witnessed peers being bullied. Thirty-four percent of respondents said they had been victims and 20% said they had been perpetrators. Approximately 28% said they were completely uninvolved in any bullying episodes. Girls reported seeing bullying more than boys.

Students who witnessed acts of bullying were more likely to report greater psychological distress than those students who were bullies or victims, according to the results. This was the case even for students who had not been victims themselves, although being both a witness and a victim did also significantly predict mental health problems.

“It is possible that those students who had been victimized at different times may be experiencing it all over again psychologically,” says Rivers. “Meanwhile, those who are witnesses may worry that they, too, will be the bully’s target sometime in the future and that causes great distress and anxiety.”

— Source: American Psychological Association